LongRiverTech Consulting：Common financial instruments for treasury management

Common financial instruments in treasury management mainly include the following categories:

1. Cash and equivalents: This includes bank deposits, funds on call, and financial assets sold under repurchase agreements. These instruments are usually used to meet the short-term funding needs of enterprises, and are highly liquid and low risk.
2. Short-term investments: including the purchase of bonds, stocks, and investment funds. These investments are usually used to obtain short-term returns while maintaining the liquidity of funds.
3. Long-term investments: covering long-term bonds, long-term equity investments, and other long-term investments. These investments are aimed at achieving the long-term strategic goals of enterprises, such as expanding market share and gaining technological advantages.
4. Accounts receivable: mainly including accounts receivable, notes receivable, and other receivables. These amounts are the amounts that enterprises should receive for selling goods or providing services, and are crucial to the cash flow and capital turnover of enterprises.
5. Accounts payable: including accounts payable, notes payable, and other payables. These amounts are the amounts that enterprises should pay for purchasing goods or receiving services. Reasonable management of accounts payable can optimize the cash flow and debt structure of enterprises.
6. Financial derivatives: such as forward contracts, futures contracts, option contracts, and swap contracts. These derivatives can be used to hedge risks, speculate or arbitrage, providing enterprises with more risk management strategies and investment opportunities.

In summary, treasury management involves a variety of financial instruments, each of which has its specific uses and risk characteristics. Enterprises should reasonably select and use these financial instruments based on their own financial status, market environment, and strategic goals to achieve efficient management of funds and effective control of risks.